Borders are often imagined as lines of separation—demarcating territories, cultures, languages, identities, and political orders. Yet across contemporary Border Studies, borders are increasingly understood as relational and processual formations: historically situated, materially entangled, and continuously reconfigured through relations of power, mobility, temporality, and exchange that extend beyond the human alone. Approached in this way, borders do not simply divide; they emerge through ongoing interactions among people, infrastructures, environments, and cultural practices.
